Izipontshi ze-Hemostatic noma ungaphinda uzibize ngokuthi izipontshi zokuhlinzwa, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo kakhulu ekuhlinzeni ukuvimbela ukopha. Ngokufanayo, baziwa nangokuthi izipanji ze-gelatin ze-hemostatic ezitholakalayongoba zenziwe ngezithako ezimuncwa njenge-cellulose, i-bone gelatin, nezinye izakhi ze-polymeric. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingxenye zisebenza kangcono kakhulu ukuze inqubo yomzimba inqande ukopha.
Isipontshi sisetshenziswa ku-neurosurgery, amazinyo, i-otolaryngology, i-gynecology, kanye nokuhlinzwa ukuze kunqandwe ukopha kwesiguli futhi kushise ingaphezulu lenxeba. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Isipontshi se-hemostatic sikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu futhi sinezici zokumunca kanye ne-antimicrobial.
Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzochaza ukuthi izipontshi ze-hemostatic zenziwe ngani kanye nezicelo zazo ezibalulekile ezinkambisweni zezokwelapha.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Hemostatic Sponge
Ukwakheka kwe-Hemostatic Sponges kubalulekile ekumiseni igazi nokwenza amahlule egazi ezilonda. Izingxenye zayo zimi kanje:
Okubalulekile:
▶IGelatin Yemithi:
Izipontshi eziningi ze-hemostatic ziqukethe I-gelatin yemithi, iphrotheni eyisisekelo etholakala ethanjeni lezinkomo. Lokhu i-gelatin yenkomo yenkomokunezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene.
▶Ukumuncwa:
Lapho ubuso balo bumunca igazi, bungenza amahlule, buvimbele ukopha.
▶I-Biodegradability:
Lesi simo sisho ukuthi lapho umzimba womuntu ngokwemvelo uphula i-gelatin, isiza ukwakha amahlule egazi, amisa ukopha.
▶I-Thrombin:
I-Thrombin iyi-enzyme enika amandla ngokuqondile amahlule ukuze akhiqize ukujiya kwegazi.
▶I-Fibrinogen:
I-protein fibrinogen idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ihlule legazi.
Izinto Zokugcwalisa I-Hemostatic
Izinto zokugcwalisa i-Hemostatic zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu kuye ngokuthi zibunjwe kanjani futhi zisebenza kanjani: izinto ezisekelwe ku-polysaccharide, ama-reagents e-hemostatic asekelwe kumaprotheni, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali.
1. Izinhlanganisela Ze-Hemostatic Ekhiqizwa Ngamakhemikhali:
Amakhemikhali e-Hemostasis ama-monomers amancane noma ama-polymers angasabela ngamakhemikhali ukuze akhiqize ama-gel kanye nezibophezelo zezicubu. Nakuba lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zinengozi ephansi kakhulu yokutheleleka ngegciwane kunemikhiqizo esekelwe kumaprotheni, ubunzima obuthile, nezinselele eziningi ezibangelwa ubuthi bamakhemikhali kanye nokungonakali kuyaqhubeka.2.
I-2.Ama-Hemostatic Agents: Amaprotheni-Asekelwe
Ama-reagents e-hemostatic asekelwe kumaprotheni, akhiwe i-thrombin, i-collagen, noma i-fibrinogen, afana nendlela ye-EC/PGRF mayelana nezindleko eziphezulu. Bangakwazi ukuthelela, kodwa banesikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Ama-hemostatic agents asekelwe kumaprotheni abalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukopha ekuhlinzeni. Lawa ma-ejenti asebenza ngokusebenzisa amaprotheni, njenge-fibrin noma i-collagen, asheshisa inqubo evamile yokujiyisa emzimbeni.
Lapho la maprotheni esetshenziselwa ukuvala isilonda, enza ihlule eliqinile elivimba ukopha futhi lithuthukise ukululama. Ukulawulwa kokulahleka kwegazi okusheshayo futhi okuphumelelayo kubalulekile ezilungiselelweni zokuhlinzwa nezibukhali, okunikeza inani elibalulekile lama-agent asekelwe kumaprotheni e-hemostatic. Ziyakwazi ukusebenzisana nge-biocompatible futhi ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle ne-chemistry yomzimba. Ngakho-ke, kubasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, sekuyinketho ephumelelayo yokwandisa izikhathi zokululama nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yesiguli.
3.Polymeric Hemostatic Materials Derived from Polysaccharide
Ngokuyinhloko zakhiwe nge-cellulose, chitosan, sodium alginate, nesitashi. Noma ngabe uyibheka kanjani… bangakha cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo we-hemostatic ngaphansi kwelanga. Lolu hlobo lwe-polymer lunikeza i-biocompatibility enhle, i-biodegradability, kanye nezici ezingenakuzivikela.
Yini I-Bovine Bone Gelatin?
I-gelatin yenkomo yenkomoiwuhlobo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lwegelatin kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezipontshi. Isuselwa emathanjeni ezinkomo noma amanye amathambo ezinkomo futhi inezinzuzo eziningi.
Okwamanje, lokhu I-gelatin yenkomo yenkomo limunca igazi ngokuphelele, kwakheka amahlule amaningi asendaweni anqanda ukopha ngokuphumelelayo. I-gelatin iyancipha kancane kancane emzimbeni, inciphisa isidingo sokususwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Yeziponji Ze-Hemostatic
Izipontshi ze-Hemostatic zibalulekile ekuhlinzeni nasekunakekeleni amanxeba, kodwa ukwakheka nokwakheka kwazo kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo. Lapha, sibheka izindlela ezimbalwa zokulungisa lezi zinsimbi zokuvala igazi:
1.Ukumisa Iqhwa:
Le ndlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ihilela ukuqanda isixazululo ngemva kokuba into ene-hemostatic, ngokuvamile i-gelatin, incibilikiswe ku-solvent. Okulandelayo, ivacuum inikezwa ingxube eqandisiwe, okubangela ukuba isincibilikisi sinciphe—ushintsho oluqondile lusuka kokuqinile luye kugesi—ngaphandle kokuncibilikisa iqhwa. Lokhu kubhubhisa amakristalu eqhwa, kushiye isakhiwo sesiponji esinezimbotshana. Uma isetshenziselwa isilonda, i-gelatin matrix esele igcina into ye-hemostatic futhi ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwehlule legazi.
2.I-Solvent Casting & Particulate Leaching:
Okokuqala, i-solvent incibilikisa i-gelatin yamathambo nezinye izinto ezifana ne-fibrinogen ne-thrombin ukuze kuqalwe inqubo. Emva kwalokhu, kuphuma uketshezi, ongalufaka ezibunjeni ezihlukahlukene bese ushiya isikhathi esithile ukuze uqine. Uma isibekiwe, usawoti noma ushukela uncibilika nge-solvent ehlukile. Ngemva kwalolu hlelo lokucwilisa, uthola into enezimbotshana ebizwa ngokuthi izipontshi ze-hemostatic, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukopha.
3.I-Electrospinning:
Le ndlela yesimanje isebenzisa inkambu kagesi ukuguqula isixazululo se-polymer sibe imicu entekenteke. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isixazululo se-polymer izipontshi ze-hemostatic ezenziwe nge-bone gelatin noma amanye ama-polymers. Uma ubeka le nto efana nefayibha eqoqweni ngemuva kokuba inensimu kagesi, yenza into emise okumeta. Yileyo ndlela eyenza isiponji se-hemostatic, ongasisebenzisa ngezinjongo zokuhlinza.
4.I-Lyophilization nge-Crosslinking:
Le ndlela isebenzisa ama-crosslinking agents kanye nokumisa iqhwa. I-Crosslinking ilawula izinga lokuhlakazeka kwangaphakathi kwesipontshi futhi iqinisa ukwakheka kwaso. I-Gelatin kanye ne-crosslinking agent iyancibilika ku-solvent bese yomiswa yiqhwa. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwakha izixhumanisi phakathi kwama-molecule e-gelatin ku-matrix eqandisiwe, eqinisa isipontshi se-hemostatic futhi ivumele ukukhululwa okulawulwayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abacwaningi baqhubeka bethola izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izipontshi ze-hemostatic zezinqubo zezokwelapha. Nakuba izakhiwo zezipontshi zingabuyekezwa ukuze zinikeze ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe, njengezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuzisebenzisa njengenye indlela yama-polymer asekelwe esitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, umgomo oyinhloko uwukwenza izipontshi eziningi ze-hemostatic eziphephile, eziwusizo, nezibuyekeziwe.
Ukukhishwa nokucubungula kwe-Bone Gelatin
Inqubo yokukhipha i-gelatin yamathambo ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nalezi:
Amathambo ezinkomo athengwa kubathengisi abathembekile futhi ahlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka kwawo.
Amakhemikhali noma ama-enzyme asetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe i-collagen, ingxenye eyinhloko yamaprotheni ethambo.
I-collagen ekhishiwe ingaphansi kwenqubo yokuhlanza eqinile esusa ukungcola ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo ezidingekayo ze-gelatin yezinga lezemithi.
I-gelatin yokugcina ifakwa inzalo ukuze kuqedwe amagciwane namagciwane.
Izinzuzo ze-Hemostatic Sponge
Izipontshi ze-hemostatic zenzelwe ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwegazi elisindayo emakamelweni okuhlinza futhi andise amandla okudala amahlule ukuze umzimba womuntu ukwazi ukuziphilisa ngokushesha nangempilo.
✔ Ithuthukisa Ukuvala Okusheshayo Nokupholiswa Kwezilonda
Izipontshi ze-hemostatic zinezinzuzo eziningi, njengokumisa ukopha ezilonda, ukumunca igazi, nokuqala ukudala amahlule. Lawa makhemikhali athuthukisa amandla okwelapha emvelo omzimba womuntu futhi asindise isiguli ekulahlekelweni kakhulu kwegazi uma kwenzeka sihlinzwa.
✔Isiza Ukulawula Ukopha Phakathi Nezinqubo Zokuhlinza
Izipanji ze-Hemostatic zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukopha phakathi nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinzwa. Zingasetshenziswa ngqo endaweni yokopha ukuze zikhuthaze ukwakheka kwamahlule futhi zinikeze ukwesekwa kwemishini. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba obunzima futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kokuhlinza ngokugcina inkambu yokusebenza ikhululekile.
✔Yehlisa Ukulahleka Kwegazi Futhi Yehlisa Ingozi Yezinkinga
Izipontshi ze-hemostatic zimisa ukulahleka kwegazi kanye nengozi yezinkinga ngokuphelelisa ukulawula amanxeba abantu okopha. Ngenxa yokuthi ukulahlekelwa igazi eliningi kungabangela iziguli ukuba ziquleke noma zishone, lokhu kusisindisa ukuphila kubalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa.
Izicelo Zeziponji Ze-Hemostatic Kwezokwelapha
Izipontshi ze-Hemostatic zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene kwezokwelapha zokulawula ukopha:
iSebenzisa Ekuhlinzeni Ukulawula Ukopha
Zisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ezinqubweni eziningi zokuhlinza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukopha. Izindlela zendabuko, njengama-ligatures noma ukucindezela, azisebenzi kahle, ngakho odokotela basebenzisa izipontshi ze-hemostatic. Ungawabeka ngokushesha endaweni yokopha, futhi aqala ukuvuselela ukwakheka kwehlule futhi anikeze ukusekela ngomshini.
iIzinzuzo Ngaphezu Kweminye Imikhiqizo
Uma kuqhathaniswa izipontshi ze-hemostatic nezinye izimpahla, okulandelayo yizinzuzo ezithile zokusebenzisa izithako ezifana ne-chitosan ne-gelatin:
ü I-hemostasis esheshayo ene-absorbency ephezulu kanye nokumuncwa kwegazi ngokushesha.
ü Iphephile futhi ihambisana ne-biocompatible nobungozi obuncane bokusabela okungekuhle.
ü Ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu kanye nokuphola kwesilonda ngempumelelo.
iSebenzisa Ekuhlinzeni Kwamathambo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziswa nasekuhlinzeni amathambo. Phakathi nokuhlinzwa, basebenza kangcono kakhulu ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwegazi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i- isiponji se-gelatin esikwazi ukumuncwaihlose ukumunca wonke umswakama noma igazi ngesakhiwo salo esinezimbotshana ukunciphisa ukopha.
iSebenzisa Ezinkambisweni Zamazinyo
Ukufakwa okulandelayo kwezipontshi ze-hemostatic nakho kungasetshenziswa ekuhlinzweni kwamazinyo njengokukhishwa kwamazinyo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-periodontal, nokunye ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ngomlomo. Ikhono labo lokulawula ukopha liyamangalisa kulokhu kuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.
iUkusebenza Ekuhlinzeni Okuhlukahlukene
Ekugcineni, lokhu isiponji se-gelatin esikwazi ukumuncwaisebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngezidingo ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa. Nokho, ikhono layo lokunqanda ukopha komuntu libalulekile kuyisayensi yezokwelapha ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwalo; kungumsindisi wempilo ngokweqiniso. Ukuhlinzwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziswa kuhlanganisa i-gynecology, i-neurology, i-otolaryngology, nokuhlinzwa okuvamile.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, lesi kwakuyisihloko mayelana nokuthi izipontshi ze-hemostatic zenziwa ngani. Ngethemba, uzothola zonke izimpendulo obuzifuna. Khonamanjalo, Ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezihlukene emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi yezokwelapha njengokuhlinzwa, futhi amandla ako ukumisa ukopha ngokweqile ngokumunca umswakama.
Abacwaningi basabheka amathuba amasha okusetshenziswa kwayo esikhathini esizayo embonini yemithi kanye nokusindisa izimpilo eziningi.
